- Early cybernetics
- General systems theory
- System dynamics
- Soft and critical systems
- Later cybernetics (second-order cybernetics, soft cybernetics)
- Complexity theory
- Learning systems
- Systemic inquiry
- Systemic action research
- Systemic intervention
- CAS (complex adaptive systems)
- Cynefin framework (cf. Ison, 2010, p. 132)
Cf.
Ramage and Shipp (2009) Systems Thinkers
Ison (2010) Systems Practice: How to Act in a Climate Change World
Blackmore (ed.) (2010) Social Learning Systems and Communities of Practice
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